㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀 䜀爀攀礀Ⰰ 䌀⸀ Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 䄀搀瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀爀猀 漀昀 一漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 㜀㠀㔀ⴀ㠀㐀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀刀攀瀀爀椀渀琀崀⸀ 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ 㤀㜀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
J. M. Lafont
㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
ALLARD, JEAN FRANCOIS (1785-1839), Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, an order instituted in 1802 by Napoleon I, was born at Saint-Tropez, France, on 8 March 1785. In 1803, he joined the French army and served in it fighting in the Imperial Cavalry in far-flung fields in Italy, Spain and Portugal until its final defeat at the hands of the allies in 1815 when the Imperial Guard, in which he had been serving as a lieutenant since 1810, was disbanded. Allard returned to Saint-Tropez on demi-solde (half-pay), but as soon as he learnt of Napoleon's escape and landing at Golfe Juan in March 1815, he joined the latter who promoted him Captain on 28 April 1815 and appointed him aide-de-camp to Marechal Brune in Provence and was therefore not present at Waterloo where Napolean was finally defeated. In 1818 he left for the Middle East on four months' leave but never re-joined service and was therefore dismissed from the army on 31 August 1819 for long absence without leave. He served at Tabriz in Iran from February 1820 to September 1821. By that time the British government agreed to pay a huge war contribution to Iran on condition that all French officers in the service of Persia be dismissed and sent back to Europe. However, Allard and Ventura escaped in disguise towards Kābul and on to India. In March 1822, Allard arrived at Lahore in company with Ventura, and secured employment at the court of Mahārājā Raṇjīt Siṅgh only after the Mahārājā had ensured that they were French officers of Napolean and not British spies. He was entrusted with the task of reorganizing the Mahārājā's cavalry on European lines. On 22 May 1822 Allard and Ventura took command of Shaikh Basāwan's Palṭan Khās and later Palṭan Devā Siṅgh (1822), and the Gurkhā Palṭan (1823). These formed the infantry of the Fauj-i-Khās. The cavalry (Fransīsī Sowār) was originally formed by two regiments raised by Allard on 16 July 1822---Rajman (Regiment) Khās Lāṅsīā (Lancers) and Rajman Daragun (Dragoon). In place of the traditional ghoṛchaṛās, who protested against the new drills, fresh recruitments were made. Allard raised another regiment of Dragoons in 1823. By 1825, the Fauj-i-Khās (infantry, cavalry and artillery) was 5000-6000 strong. The training was based on a French pamphlet Allard had brought with him. All the words of command were in French. Allard commanded the whole force, and took orders only from the Mahārājā. Ventura, under Allard's orders, was in charge of infantry. The uniform of the Fauj-i-Khās was inspired by the uniform of Napoleon's Grande Armee; the standards of the regiments were the tricolour French flag inscribed with the motto Vāhigurū Jī Kī Fateh, and each regiment had the Imperial Eagles. Sikh cavalry, under Allard, had achieved a very high level of efficiency. His Cuirassiers, a "turbaned edition" of the steel-clad horsemen of the Garde Imperiale, were the most noble looking troops on parade. The men and horses were well picked, their accoutrements were of the finest quality and the regularity and the order in which they manoeuvered could scarcely be matched by the East India Company's cavalry across the border. Besides the European form of drill, Allard introduced the use of carbine among the Sikh troops.
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀氀氀愀爀搀✀猀 眀漀爀欀 眀漀渀 栀椀最栀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 栀攀 挀愀洀攀 琀漀 漀挀挀甀瀀礀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀攀ⴀ攀洀椀渀攀渀挀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 挀漀甀爀琀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀 猀愀氀愀爀礀 漀昀 刀猀 ㌀ Ⰰ 愀 礀攀愀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 渀甀洀攀爀漀甀猀 㰀椀㸀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 栀椀洀 琀漀 氀椀瘀攀 椀渀 猀琀礀氀攀 愀琀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀 洀愀渀 漀昀 栀椀最栀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀洀椀愀戀氀攀 搀椀猀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀氀攀爀猀 瀀愀猀猀椀渀最 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀 猀瀀漀欀攀 瘀攀爀礀 栀椀最栀氀礀 漀昀 栀椀洀⸀ 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 䄀氀氀愀爀搀 琀漀 戀攀 洀漀爀攀 愀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 洀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 愀搀瘀椀猀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 愀猀 愀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 漀渀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀氀礀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 漀挀挀愀猀椀漀渀猀 栀攀 琀漀漀欀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 椀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀猀 栀攀 搀椀搀 椀渀 㠀㈀㔀 椀渀 倀攀猀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀眀愀爀 愀渀搀 ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㈀攀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀 昀漀爀 瀀愀挀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䴀甀猀氀椀洀 琀爀椀戀攀猀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 䤀渀搀甀猀㬀 椀渀 㠀㈀㜀 愀渀搀 㠀㌀ 昀漀爀 焀甀攀氀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀樀椀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀昀 匀愀礀礀椀搀 䄀栀洀愀搀 䈀愀爀攀氀愀瘀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㬀 愀渀搀 椀渀 㠀㌀㜀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀琀琀愀挀欀 漀渀 䨀愀洀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀愀琀栀 漀昀 匀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䠀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 一愀氀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 㠀㈀㐀 漀渀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 䄀氀氀愀爀搀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀渀最氀漀ⴀ匀椀欀栀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 匀甀琀氀攀樀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䠀椀洀愀氀愀礀愀猀 搀漀眀渀 琀漀 䠀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 倀愀琀琀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀThe French naturalist Jacquemont, who visited Lahore in 1831, calls him the Suleman Bey of Raṇjīt Siṅgh. Allard often acted as host to the European visitors to the Mahārājā's court. On ceremonial occasions, he was chosen for special duties. He, for instance, escorted Mahārājā Raṇjīt Siṅgh at the time of his visit to Ropaṛ in October 1831 for a meeting with the Governor-General, Lord William Bentinck. Allard also occasionally informed the Mahārājā about Russian affairs as they were reported in the French newspapers or in the Russian Gazette (published in French).
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䤀渀 㠀㌀㐀Ⰰ 䄀氀氀愀爀搀 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 栀椀猀 眀椀昀攀Ⰰ 䈀愀渀渀漀甀 倀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 䐀攀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 搀愀甀最栀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀椀攀昀 漀昀 䌀栀愀洀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 眀栀漀洀 栀攀 栀愀搀 洀愀爀爀椀攀搀 椀渀 㠀㈀㘀 愀琀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀 漀渀 琀眀漀 礀攀愀爀猀✀ 氀攀愀瘀攀 漀昀 愀戀猀攀渀挀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀椀爀礀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀攀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀 瘀椀愀 䌀愀氀挀甀琀琀愀 椀渀 攀愀爀氀礀 㠀㌀㜀Ⰰ 戀爀椀渀最椀渀最 昀漀爀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 最椀昀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀 氀攀琀琀攀爀 漀昀 最爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 昀爀漀洀 䰀漀甀椀猀 倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最 漀昀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀAllard took part in almost all the major expeditions of Mahārājā Raṇjīt Siṅgh. In 1838, he was sent to Peshāwar to help General Avitabile in the administration of the province. On 23 January 1839, he died at Peshāwar, having suffered for some time from a diseased heart. His body was, as he had wished, brought to Lahore and buried with full military honours between the tombs of his two daughters in Kuṛī Bāgh on 19 February.
㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀∀㸀 䰀愀昀漀渀琀Ⰰ 䨀攀愀渀ⴀ䴀愀爀椀攀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䰀愀 倀爀猀攀渀挀攀 昀爀愀渀挀愀椀猀攀 搀愀渀猀 氀攀 刀漀礀愀甀洀攀 匀椀欀栀 搀甀 倀攀渀樀愀戀Ⰰ 㠀㈀㈀ⴀ㠀㐀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 倀愀爀椀猀Ⰰ 㤀㤀㈀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
J. M. Lafont